Titers of 1:32 or higher are considered elevated by this technique. Elevated titers are rarely seen except in primary atypical pneumonia and in certain hemolytic anemias. If the agglutination is not reversible after incubation at 37°C, then the reaction is not due to cold agglutinins.
Primary atypical pneumonia can be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses. However, a fourfold rise in the cold agglutinins usually begins to appear late in the first week or during the second week of the disease and begins to decrease between the fourth and sixth weeks. Low titers of cold agglutinins have been demonstrated in malaria, peripheral vascular disease, and common respiratory disease.
Keep in warm water (37°C) until processed for transport by laboratory; refrigeration of specimen before separation of serum from cells will adversely affect test results. Transfer 1 mL serum to an ARUP standard transport tube. (Min: 0.25 mL)
Unacceptable Conditions
Plasma or CSF. Refrigerated whole blood. Contaminated, severely hemolyzed, or lipemic, specimens.
Storage/Transport Temperature
Refrigerated.
Stability (from collection to initiation)
After separation from cells: Ambient: 48 hours; Refrigerated: 2 weeks; Frozen: 1 year (avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles)
Containers
Red or Gold (Gel)/SST
Alternate Containers
Red (No Gel)
Reference Interval
< 1:32 Negative
Interpretive Data
Titers of 1:32 or higher are considered elevated by this technique. Elevated titers are rarely seen except in primary atypical pneumonia and in certain hemolytic anemias. If the agglutination is not reversible after incubation at 37°C, then the reaction is not due to cold agglutinins.
Primary atypical pneumonia can be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses. However, a fourfold rise in the cold agglutinins usually begins to appear late in the first week or during the second week of the disease and begins to decrease between the fourth and sixth weeks. Low titers of cold agglutinins have been demonstrated in malaria, peripheral vascular disease, and common respiratory disease.
CPT Disclaimer
The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Codes published in the M Health Fairview Test Directory are based on American Medical Association (AMA) guidelines and are provided for informational purposes only. CPT codes are provided only as guidance to assist clients with billing. CPT coding is the responsibility of the billing party. M Health Fairview Laboratories does not assume responsibility for billing errors due to reliance on the CPT codes listed in Test Directory or Atlas. Charges may vary due to reflexing, susceptibilities, specimen source, patient age, methodology requirements, etc.
Titers of 1:32 or higher are considered elevated by this technique. Elevated titers are rarely seen except in primary atypical pneumonia and in certain hemolytic anemias. If the agglutination is not reversible after incubation at 37°C, then the reaction is not due to cold agglutinins.
Primary atypical pneumonia can be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses. However, a fourfold rise in the cold agglutinins usually begins to appear late in the first week or during the second week of the disease and begins to decrease between the fourth and sixth weeks. Low titers of cold agglutinins have been demonstrated in malaria, peripheral vascular disease, and common respiratory disease.
Keep in warm water (37°C) until processed for transport by laboratory; refrigeration of specimen before separation of serum from cells will adversely affect test results. Transfer 1 mL serum to an ARUP standard transport tube. (Min: 0.25 mL)
Unacceptable Conditions
Plasma or CSF. Refrigerated whole blood. Contaminated, severely hemolyzed, or lipemic, specimens.
Storage/Transport Temperature
Refrigerated.
Stability (from collection to initiation)
After separation from cells: Ambient: 48 hours; Refrigerated: 2 weeks; Frozen: 1 year (avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles)
Containers
Containers
Red or Gold (Gel)/SST
Alternate Containers
Red (No Gel)
Result Interpretation
Reference Interval
< 1:32 Negative
Interpretive Data
Titers of 1:32 or higher are considered elevated by this technique. Elevated titers are rarely seen except in primary atypical pneumonia and in certain hemolytic anemias. If the agglutination is not reversible after incubation at 37°C, then the reaction is not due to cold agglutinins.
Primary atypical pneumonia can be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses. However, a fourfold rise in the cold agglutinins usually begins to appear late in the first week or during the second week of the disease and begins to decrease between the fourth and sixth weeks. Low titers of cold agglutinins have been demonstrated in malaria, peripheral vascular disease, and common respiratory disease.
Administrative
CPT Disclaimer
The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Codes published in the M Health Fairview Test Directory are based on American Medical Association (AMA) guidelines and are provided for informational purposes only. CPT codes are provided only as guidance to assist clients with billing. CPT coding is the responsibility of the billing party. M Health Fairview Laboratories does not assume responsibility for billing errors due to reliance on the CPT codes listed in Test Directory or Atlas. Charges may vary due to reflexing, susceptibilities, specimen source, patient age, methodology requirements, etc.